Xan wrote: ↑Sun Apr 09, 2023 9:01 pm
D1984 wrote: ↑Sun Apr 09, 2023 7:54 amThree quick questions: One, is there any reason almost all of their strategies--including this one--seem to only go back to 1970 (i.e. only be backtested back to that date), or 1972, or 1973?
I would be very suspicious of any backtest that went back past the early 1970s, as the nature of money was different before that time. A bond was a different thing, cash was a different thing.
I'm not so sure of that.
The "classical" gold standard at $20.67 an ounce was effectively killed (at the latest) in 1933; from that point on one could say we were on a quasi-gold standard but there was technically nothing stopping the government (had it wanted to) at valuing gold at some other figure than the $35 an ounce it chose (and tried to maintain) from 1934 to early 1971. At the very least it was clear by the early or mid-1960s that the link between gold and the dollar was not going to be forever sacrosanct; we had to form the "gold pool" to intervene and try and prevent prices from deviating too much for the $35 peg and by (IIRC) 1966 or 1967 Switzerland and France said screw this, refused to participate, and started to redeem more and more of their dollar holdings for actual gold.
Arguably the overall "deflationary" gold standard environment died even earlier i.e. in the ashes of WWI. If you look at inflation averages from 1914 or 1915 to the early 1930s (I used
https://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/inflation/ ) you will notice two things:
One, average overall inflation from 1914 to 1931 or 1932 came in at around around 2% or a bit under/over...this is actually roughly comparable to average inflation from 2005 to 2020.
Two, prices (whether at the 1920-21 recession bottom or the 1932-33 Depression bottom) never actually got anywhere close to as low as they were in 1914 or 1915. This was the first time this had ever happened in the U.S. Previously (at least back to the early 1790s when the U.S. first defined the dollar in terms of gold) the pattern had always been generally deflationary over the long term; prices would rise during wars, national crises, supply shocks, and economic bubbles/booms and then would fall afterwards to eventually end up about the same (and actually slightly lower when all was said and done). The post WWI environment was the first ever time this didn't happen; it again failed to happen after WWII (there was actually sharp--sometimes double-digit in fact--
inflation in 1946 and 1947, mid-single digit inflation over much of 1948, followed by barely any deflation at all over 1949).
Also, note that even from, say, 1900 to 1913 the overall pattern was not really deflation (whether of the gentle type of maybe half a percent a year on average as productivity growth caused prices to fall in real terms or the sharper type seen during falls that followed the rises during wars and the like) but rather low single digit inflation in the 1.3% range on average for the period as a whole (in contrast with average
deflation of around 0.40% a year from 1800 to 1899).
Finally, by the mid-1910s (and certainly at least by the early to mid-1920s) corporate bonds and safe-short term instruments (quasi-cash like money market debt, banker's acceptances, high-grade commercial paper, and short-term Treasury securities) were available that were similar to equivalent instruments today.
The bottom line? I can see the sense of not wanting to use data from the 1800s in any kind of backtest; once could even argue that not using data from the 1900s/1910/1920s or even 1930s was justifiable....but to treat bonds in , say, 1955 or 1962 or 1967 as not being a rough equivalent of bonds today is just IMO a stretch too far.