Harry Browne’s Permanent Portfolio: Has Each Scenario Really Happened 25% of the Time? 🤔📉📈

General Discussion on the Permanent Portfolio Strategy

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frugal
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Harry Browne’s Permanent Portfolio: Has Each Scenario Really Happened 25% of the Time? 🤔📉📈

Post by frugal »

Hi 👋🏻

If you’re familiar with the Permanent Portfolio strategy proposed by Harry Browne, you know the concept is elegant in its simplicity:

🌍 The economy moves through 4 macro scenarios:
🔹 Expansion
🔸 Recession
🔥 Inflation
🧊 Deflation

So, you diversify your assets equally:
💰 25% Stocks (for growth)
🏛 25% Bonds (for recession)
✨ 25% Gold (for inflation)
💵 25% Cash (for deflation)

The logic is sound — but here’s the real question:

👉 Have these economic environments really happened 25% of the time each?

📊 Not exactly. Historical data for the U.S. (since 1900) and Europe (mainly post-1950) tells a different story:



🔍 Historical Occurrence of Each Scenario

🇺🇸 United States (NBER, CPI, FRED data):
🔹 Expansion (GDP growth, low inflation): ~65–70% of years
🔸 Recession (GDP contraction): ~15%
🔥 High Inflation (CPI > 5%): ~10–12%
🧊 Deflation (CPI < 0%): ~3–5%

🇪🇺 Europe (post-WWII OECD/ECB data):
🔹 Expansion: ~60–65%
🔸 Recession: ~20%
🔥 Inflation: ~10–15%
🧊 Deflation: Very rare — mostly post-2008 in some eurozone countries



⚖️ So… Is the 25/25/25/25 allocation realistic?

📌 From a hedging strategy, it works — because you’re always protected.
📌 But from a probability-weighted perspective, expansion dominates, and deflation is a rare outlier.

Still, Harry Browne’s genius was in building a “sleep-well-at-night” portfolio that doesn’t require prediction — just preparation.



💬 Why This Still Matters

📈 “Most of the time, economies grow. But when they don’t, you better be ready.”



🔽 Question for Permanent Portfolio followers:

We know the classic split is 25% each — but based on modern macro data, what percentages do you actually use today?

Do you keep it pure, or do you tweak based on inflation risks, global instability, or regional factors?

Let’s hear your version.👇
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Re: Harry Browne’s Permanent Portfolio: Has Each Scenario Really Happened 25% of the Time? 🤔📉📈

Post by I Shrugged »

Have you read Deep Risk, by William Bernstein? It’s about your question, including the PP.
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Re: Harry Browne’s Permanent Portfolio: Has Each Scenario Really Happened 25% of the Time? 🤔📉📈

Post by frugal »

I Shrugged wrote: Wed Jul 09, 2025 7:27 pm Have you read Deep Risk, by William Bernstein? It’s about your question, including the PP.
Hi I Shrugged,

Thanks for the recommendation! I haven’t read Deep Risk by William Bernstein yet.

Could you please share the main conclusions or insights from the book related to the Permanent Portfolio and the historical occurrence of each scenario?

I’d really appreciate a brief summary!

Thanks in advance!

Best regards :)
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Re: Harry Browne’s Permanent Portfolio: Has Each Scenario Really Happened 25% of the Time? 🤔📉📈

Post by mathjak107 »

pretty much that the pp flaw is it bets equal amounts of dollars on anything but equal amounts of risk playing out .

deflation being the last likely and prosperity being the most likely

markets are up 2/3’s of the time typically.

for more than the last two decades we have had gold beating bonds …

equity and gold has beaten equity and bonds over just about every time frame.

it seems what’s been good for bonds has been better for gold .

i will dabble in long term bonds as a trading vehicle because they have been fairly consistent at cycling up a day and then down but i dont see them in today’s world which is quite inflationary and getting worse
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Re: Harry Browne’s Permanent Portfolio: Has Each Scenario Really Happened 25% of the Time? 🤔📉📈

Post by frugal »

mathjak107 wrote: Thu Jul 10, 2025 3:02 am pretty much that the pp flaw is it bets equal amounts of dollars on anything but equal amounts of risk playing out .

deflation being the last likely and prosperity being the most likely

markets are up 2/3’s of the time typically.

for more than the last two decades we have had gold beating bonds …

equity and gold has beaten equity and bonds over just about every time frame.

it seems what’s been good for bonds has been better for gold .

i will dabble in long term bonds as a trading vehicle because they have been fairly consistent at cycling up a day and then down but i dont see them in today’s world which is quite inflationary and getting worse

### 🔍 **7-Point Summary of *Deep Risk* – William Bernstein**

1. **Deep Risk vs. Shallow Risk**

* *Shallow risk* is temporary volatility — price fluctuations that recover over time.
* *Deep risk* refers to **permanent loss of capital** caused by events like war, hyperinflation, confiscation, or deflationary collapse.

2. **Four Types of Deep Risk**
Bernstein identifies four main categories of deep risk:

* **Inflation** (erodes real purchasing power)
* **Deflation** (debt defaults and falling asset prices)
* **Confiscation** (government seizure or heavy taxation)
* **Devastation** (war, geopolitical collapse)

3. **Asset Classes Behave Differently Under Each Risk**

* Stocks typically survive inflation and deflation over the long term.
* Gold and real estate hedge against inflation.
* Foreign diversification and hard assets protect against confiscation and devastation.

4. **Global Diversification is Essential**

* Staying invested solely in your home country increases exposure to confiscation and devastation.
* Investing across multiple jurisdictions (especially stable democracies) spreads out deep risk.

5. **Bonds and Cash Offer Limited Deep Risk Protection**

* While useful for shallow risk, fixed-income assets are vulnerable to inflation and currency collapse.
* Long-term inflation can destroy bond returns permanently.

6. **The Investor's Time Horizon Shapes Risk Exposure**

* Over short periods, volatility matters more (shallow risk).
* Over decades, **deep risk becomes the main threat**, especially to retirement and intergenerational wealth.

7. **Strategies to Mitigate Deep Risk**

* Own productive assets (equities, global businesses)
* Hold some inflation hedges (e.g., gold, TIPS)
* Diversify internationally
* Stay educated and avoid over-concentration
* Don’t rely on past performance — build resilience

:-\ :'( :(
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