DIY individual stock fund

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sophie
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by sophie » Wed Sep 25, 2019 9:22 am

Pet Hog, how come you want to do this in the first place? As in what's your goal?

Emulating an index fund is going to be difficult, costly because of trading fees, and frankly a royal PITA that will eventually get old. I'm happy to "hire" someone else to do that job, via an index fund.

However, I'm buying some individual stocks myself, as "deep stocks" but it will be limited to one quarter of my total stock holdings. I'm not going to try to rebalance them, it's purely an old-fashioned buy and hold strategy. My motivation is to have some portion of my stock savings outside of traditional index funds, and to get closer to full control. I expect and accept that there will be some tracking error compared to indexes, but that doesn't bother me. I'm not going to get anywhere near 50 stocks - Harry Browne's initial recommendation for the PP in the pre-index fund era was to pick out a basket of "10-20" stocks, so that's the ballpark I'm going for.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by Kbg » Wed Sep 25, 2019 4:46 pm

Sophie sums it up nicely. My comments were not meant to be positive or negative...just to point out the PITA factor.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by Pet Hog » Wed Sep 25, 2019 6:04 pm

I guess, Sophie, that my motivation is a lot like yours. I want to cut out a level of bureaucracy and get closer to direct ownership of the shares. I felt my PP was much more bulletproof, and I was more in control, once I ditched TLT and started buying 30-year treasuries at auction. I haven't owned an individual stock for probably 10 years, but I think there might be a similar feeling of calm ditching the total market indices. But also, I guess, I think there's a chance to get a better return with equal-weighting, hence all this modeling. I haven't convinced myself that I'm not data-mining, so these posts have been me talking out loud and trying not to fool myself. I'm very happy with holding VTI and ITOT, and unless the numbers are undeniable, I'll keep them.

May I ask how you're going to select your 10-20 stocks? Will you hold them equal-weighted? I've had to defend myself a few times already in this thread that it is not my intention to trade excessively, but also to buy and hold, so you and I seem to be on the same page.

Kbg, I don't think it would be that bad. There wouldn't be a lot of trading, but I agree that holding just one or two stock indices provides the PP with elegance and simplicity.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by Kriegsspiel » Thu Sep 26, 2019 7:34 am

I still don't get the fixation on random, or "every 14th company in a list" method of choosing which companies to invest in. If you're planning on buying shares in a small bucket of companies to hold for the long term, I can't see randomness being a good criteria. Thinking of people who do invest in a relatively small number of companies, they all seem to be Graham or Buffet like in most ways, educating themselves then buying solid companies with good leadership and holding them for a long time, periodically adding to them if they can. Why wouldn't you set up some simple kind of stock screen for the SP500, instead of eensy meensy miney mo? Especially for long term investing.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by Pet Hog » Thu Sep 26, 2019 12:42 pm

Kriegsspiel, I have no fixation with randomness. I'm wondering if a small equal-weighted portfolio might match or out-perform a market-cap-weighted index. I can't buy every stock in, say, the SP500 (I'm not that rich), so the challenge would be buy a subset and get similar (hopefully superior) returns. (Like an opinion poll -- survey a small number of people at random to gauge the mood of the masses.) If picking stocks at random turns out to be a winning strategy, then there might really be something going on. Then when putting the plan into practice, I could be more selective with my strategy. But first, I would want to show that it works because of some fundamental advantage of equal-weighting. Ergo, randomness. I could backtest the portfolio by hand-selecting some stocks that I think I might have bought five years ago, but I don't trust myself to be objective. Also, I'm terrible at stock-picking, that's why I'm in the PP to begin with!

From the few portfolios that I have modeled in this thread, I'd say the results are promising but unconvincing. So I'm unlikely to put this plan into action.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by sophie » Fri Sep 27, 2019 8:13 am

Pet Hog, I'm not doing any kind of quantitative analysis because I don't think that would improve results over random picks. Broadly, I'm going for what I think are solid "value" stocks that have a record of increasing dividend payouts, have a relatively low P/E (or at least not too high), and are in businesses that won't be going away anytime soon and could survive a recession. I try to spread the choices among sectors. I also "cheat" by looking up holdings and recent purchasing by Berkshire Hathaway, to get a short list of ideas. I'm looking at Southwest Airlines or Coca Cola for the next time I have money to sink into stocks, for example.

It's fun to watch the stocks go up and down, and overall they do track the indexes reasonably well. I forgot to mention another plus of doing this: more opportunities to tax loss harvest and avoiding unwanted capital gains like you get with index funds.

I put about $5K into each one, and eventually will start buying more of the ones I have (lagging asset) once I have enough of a collection. Meantime, I'm reinvesting dividends. Like I said, nothing fancy. This is how our parents and grandparents invested in stocks, and it worked just fine.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by dualstow » Fri Sep 27, 2019 8:35 am

sophie wrote:
Fri Sep 27, 2019 8:13 am
Pet Hog, I'm not doing any kind of quantitative analysis because I don't think that would improve results over random picks. Broadly, I'm going for what I think are solid "value" stocks that have a record of increasing dividend payouts, have a relatively low P/E (or at least not too high), and are in businesses that won't be going away anytime soon and could survive a recession.
...
That's pretty much what I did. I started that in '99 or 2000. Would have started sooner, but I didn't have access to my own finances before that, and not enough money to really start. I've got a nice bit of supplemental income now, over 8% yield on cost as of this season. Strictly VP category for me, and more recently I was buying corporate bonds, not more dividend-raising stocks.
(And here we are posting VP stuff in the non-VP section, just like we encouraged others not to do ??? )

EDIT: I still think you should use an index fund in the pp, Pet Hog, for rebalancing.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by sophie » Sun Sep 29, 2019 4:47 pm

That's right, I remember you did that too dualstow!

I don't have it as a VP. I've got it within the PP stock allocation. I'm not trying to beat index funds, I just wanted to have a piece of my stock allocation under my own control. Among other things, this is just in case something in the fast-growing index fund market blows up unexpectedly.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by ochotona » Sun Sep 29, 2019 4:57 pm

Buy the Dow Jones Industrial Average stocks? That's a known yet manageable lot.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by ochotona » Sun Sep 29, 2019 10:21 pm

WHOA! Unexpected! If you equal-weight the Dow 30, and rebalance annually, it's really kick-a$$. I had to omit DOW and V because they don't go back far enough in time.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by sophie » Mon Sep 30, 2019 6:29 am

Slight logic problem!

Apple was added to the Dow in 2015, and Cisco in 2009. So you're not comparing Dow stocks to the DJIA, you're comparing the DJIA to companies that started small and grew big enough to be elevated to Dow status. In short, you would need Dr. Who's Tardis in order to get a result like this.

It is however a good illustration of a worst-case tracking error of the basket of stocks strategy to an index fund. It can definitely be sizeable and can go either way.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by ochotona » Mon Sep 30, 2019 7:07 am

sophie wrote:
Mon Sep 30, 2019 6:29 am
Slight logic problem!

Apple was added to the Dow in 2015, and Cisco in 2009. So you're not comparing Dow stocks to the DJIA, you're comparing the DJIA to companies that started small and grew big enough to be elevated to Dow status. In short, you would need Dr. Who's Tardis in order to get a result like this.

It is however a good illustration of a worst-case tracking error of the basket of stocks strategy to an index fund. It can definitely be sizeable and can go either way.
Sampling problems abound! That's a great asset class though... "buy the stocks which grew to be great before they were great". I love it! Compile and license that index!
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by dualstow » Mon Sep 30, 2019 7:49 am

Until then, smallcap?
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by Pet Hog » Mon Sep 30, 2019 2:49 pm

ochotona wrote:
Sun Sep 29, 2019 10:21 pm
WHOA! Unexpected! If you equal-weight the Dow 30, and rebalance annually, it's really kick-a$$. I had to omit DOW and V because they don't go back far enough in time.
You've inspired another backtest, Ochotona! The 30 components of the DJIA on January 1, 2000 were:

Alcoa Inc.
AlliedSignal Incorporated
American Express Company
AT&T Corporation
The Boeing Company
Caterpillar Inc.
Citigroup Inc.
The Coca-Cola Company
E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company
Eastman Kodak Company
Exxon Corporation
General Electric Company
General Motors Corporation
Hewlett-Packard Company
The Home Depot, Inc.
Intel Corporation
International Business Machines Corporation
International Paper Company
Johnson & Johnson
J.P. Morgan & Company
McDonald's Corporation
Merck & Co., Inc.
Microsoft Corporation
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company
Philip Morris Companies Inc.
The Procter & Gamble Company
SBC Communications Inc.
United Technologies Corporation
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.
The Walt Disney Company

SBC Communications bought AT&T, and kept the name AT&T (both were in the DJIA, so one less company)
AlliedSignal merged with Honeywell and kept the name Honeywell.
Exxon merged with Mobil and became Exxon Mobil.
J.P. Morgan & Company became JP Morgan Chase.
Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company changed its name to 3M Company.
Philip Morris Companies Inc. changed its name to Altria Group.
Dupont merged with Dow to become DowDuPont.
Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. changed its name to Walmart Inc.

That gives the following 29 companies that still exist today:

Alcoa Inc. (limited data -- split into two companies in 2016)
Honeywell
American Express Company
AT&T Corporation
The Boeing Company
Caterpillar Inc.
Citigroup Inc.
The Coca-Cola Company
DowDuPont
Eastman Kodak Company (limited data -- bankruptcy)
Exxon Mobil Corporation
General Electric Company
General Motors Corporation (limited data -- bankruptcy)
Hewlett-Packard Company
The Home Depot, Inc.
Intel Corporation
International Business Machines Corporation
International Paper Company
Johnson & Johnson
JP Morgan Chase
McDonald's Corporation
Merck & Co., Inc.
Microsoft Corporation
3M Company
Altria Group
The Procter & Gamble Company
United Technologies Corporation
Walmart Inc.
The Walt Disney Company

With the merger of ATT and SBC, and the limited data for Alcoa, Kodak, and GM, we have 26 companies in the model portfolio. Data below are for equal weighting, no rebalancing, and dividends reinvested (in this case, rebalancing or not gave the same result: 8.11% CAGR):

Image

Image

Even if we consider Kodak and GM going completely worthless, that would have been only $700 or so lost ($10,000 portfolio of 30 companies is $333 invested in each). This portfolio would still have crushed the SP500.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by Pet Hog » Mon Sep 30, 2019 3:00 pm

sophie wrote:
Fri Sep 27, 2019 8:13 am
Pet Hog, I'm not doing any kind of quantitative analysis because I don't think that would improve results over random picks. Broadly, I'm going for what I think are solid "value" stocks that have a record of increasing dividend payouts, have a relatively low P/E (or at least not too high), and are in businesses that won't be going away anytime soon and could survive a recession. I try to spread the choices among sectors. I also "cheat" by looking up holdings and recent purchasing by Berkshire Hathaway, to get a short list of ideas. I'm looking at Southwest Airlines or Coca Cola for the next time I have money to sink into stocks, for example.

It's fun to watch the stocks go up and down, and overall they do track the indexes reasonably well. I forgot to mention another plus of doing this: more opportunities to tax loss harvest and avoiding unwanted capital gains like you get with index funds.

I put about $5K into each one, and eventually will start buying more of the ones I have (lagging asset) once I have enough of a collection. Meantime, I'm reinvesting dividends. Like I said, nothing fancy. This is how our parents and grandparents invested in stocks, and it worked just fine.
Thanks, Sophie. This post is full of wisdom. I think if I were to implement a DIY index, I'd follow something like your strategy, but maybe tilt somewhat toward mid- and small-caps as well. You mentioned earlier holding 10-20 stocks, and I'm more inclined toward 30-50, so there is room to implement both!
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by Kbg » Mon Sep 30, 2019 8:35 pm

If you want to buy individual stocks but are afraid of a company going out of business then simply pick a large or mid cap index and use a longer term momentum or some type of annual quality screen. If the stock gets booted from the index and/or doesn’t make your screen get rid of it. That doesn’t mean you won’t mean you won’t have HUGE draw down but it will keep you from buying Eastman Kodak or Enron etc. into the ground...and if you are going to buy individual stocks you should give them a health check once a quarter.

Seriously, only major stubbornness or stupidity would keep the small investor in a stock going bankrupt.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by sophie » Tue Oct 01, 2019 7:07 am

Thanks Pet Hog, and good luck! Buy as many stocks as you want of course. Eventually the list starts getting Too Long and you'll know when that happens.
Pet Hog wrote:
Mon Sep 30, 2019 2:49 pm
Even if we consider Kodak and GM going completely worthless, that would have been only $700 or so lost ($10,000 portfolio of 30 companies is $333 invested in each). This portfolio would still have crushed the SP500.
The backtest still overestimates results because it requires that you knew back in 2000 that Kodak, Alcoa, and GM were going to do badly. And it's not just the $700 you would lose: the amount invested in the rest of the stocks would be correspondingly less, and that missing amount would have "compounded" along with the gains. Figuring that you sank $1000 of the original $10K into those three companies, a lower bound on performance would be 90% of the final portfolio balance, or $41,731 - still a great result though. Buy and hold ain't so bad a strategy, for sure!
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by dualstow » Tue Oct 01, 2019 9:34 am

Kbg wrote:
Mon Sep 30, 2019 8:35 pm
If you want to buy individual stocks but are afraid of a company going out of business then simply pick a large or mid cap index and use a longer term momentum or some type of annual quality screen. If the stock gets booted from the index and/or doesn’t make your screen get rid of it. That doesn’t mean you won’t mean you won’t have HUGE draw down but it will keep you from buying Eastman Kodak or Enron etc. into the ground...and if you are going to buy individual stocks you should give them a health check once a quarter.

Seriously, only major stubbornness or stupidity would keep the small investor in a stock going bankrupt.
Notice that Altria is on that list. I’ve been enjoying the rising dividends for nearly 15 years, but the share price has been a weird ride. Every time the government raised excise taxes it felt like the stock wouldn’t recover. Every time a major lawsuit was brought it felt like the sky was falling.

Shareholders argued online whether it was a buying opportunity or time to get out once and for all. As you can see in the dedicated Altria thread in the VP section, Altria unexpectedly went up a few years ago. It was going crazy. In hindsight, it was time to get out, but I thought it had a bright future ahead in transitioning from tobacco to (at least infrastructure for) cannabis. Now there’s the Juul investment and kids vaping chemicals and fake cannabis. Only stubbornness and stupidity has carried me through. O0

Forget all that- what do you do when Altria spins off Philip Morris International and Kraft? Those are decisions I had to make.

Backtesting is fun, but holding these stocks for decades is very different than a quick look back.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by Kbg » Tue Oct 01, 2019 11:51 am

From someone who has backtested a lot, do not think you will get accurate results unless you have a data source that accounts for index changes on the day they happened historically.

Anything not using the above, will be grossly overstated. (Perhaps the Dow is doable by hand, but at least do your homework on what has changed and when.)
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by jalanlong » Tue Oct 29, 2019 9:08 pm

One way I tried for a while was on Jan 2 of each year, just look at the S&P 500, 400 and 600 etfs and buy the top 10 holdings in each one. That gives you 30 stocks diversified by market cap. Then next Jan sell the ones that are gone and buy the new ones. The few years I did it, I always outperformed the indexes,if only by a little.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by vnatale » Tue Oct 29, 2019 9:21 pm

This seems to possibly be a reverse "Dogs of the Dow"?

Vinny
jalanlong wrote:
Tue Oct 29, 2019 9:08 pm
One way I tried for a while was on Jan 2 of each year, just look at the S&P 500, 400 and 600 etfs and buy the top 10 holdings in each one. That gives you 30 stocks diversified by market cap. Then next Jan sell the ones that are gone and buy the new ones. The few years I did it, I always outperformed the indexes,if only by a little.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by jalanlong » Sun Mar 22, 2020 1:57 pm

Pet Hog wrote:
Mon Sep 23, 2019 2:45 pm
I've been mulling for a while getting out of holding total-market ETFs as my stock holdings in my PP and setting up my own fund of perhaps 30 to 50 individual company stocks. For a few reasons: to cut out the middleman (avoid counter-party risk and fees, albeit tiny), to experiment with an equal-weighted portfolio (rather than market cap-weighted), and to have a bit of a thrill with managing such a thing (while maintaining the PP philosophy). There's been some discussion here before about DIYing a stock fund, and I'm curious if anyone here has set up their own and/or has any ideas on which strategy to use to select the holdings. I'd like to be as unemotional/mechanical as possible, and minimize trading/fees.

Here are some potential strategies [and my thoughts on the wisdom of adopting them]:

(1) Pick the Top 30-50 stocks by market cap [overweight tech, low dividends, less room to grow, but exciting and newsworthy companies]
(2) Randomly select from SP500 (or Wilshire 5000), like every 10th (or 100th) one or by random number generator [unemotional, diversity of sectors and market caps]
(3) Mimic a famous index or fund, like DJIA or Wellesley? [let someone else pick the stocks, established, diversified]
(4) Select equally among the large/small-cap growth/value quadrants, say 10 each? [choose unemotionally from established funds/indices, but high risk of picking lemons?]

I think all four strategies have their merits, but I'm drawn to the latter three. The biggest problem I can foresee is what to do when the whole PP needs a rebalance out of stocks -- it would require a lot of selling. So perhaps this approach could be adapted as just a fraction of the PP stock tranche and also hold, say 30-50% VTI, for rebalancing purposes.

What do you fine people think?
So did you ever give this a tryout?
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by Pet Hog » Tue Mar 24, 2020 3:42 pm

jalanlong wrote:
Sun Mar 22, 2020 1:57 pm
So did you ever give this a tryout?
No, not yet. Perhaps when/if I rebalance into stocks.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by tarentola » Mon Jun 29, 2020 6:13 am

I tried out individual stocks, as described in another thread in November 2019 viewtopic.php?f=1&t=10178&p=181885#p181885. I am a Euro investor.
1. PP 4x25%
Stocks
50% individual Euro dividend shares (Sanofi, Vinci, Red Electrica, Renault, Air Liquide etc)
25% German Dax ETF (DAX from Lyxor)
12.5% each Nasdaq and Emerging Markets ETFs (ANX and AEEM from Amundi)

Bonds
About 50-50 long and medium Euro bond ETFs (MTH and MTD from Lyxor)

Gold
ETF (GBS from ETFS)

Cash
Mostly just cash, with some in a short 3-5y bond ETF (MTB from Lyxor)

2. VP
About 30 individual dividend shares, One-third sterling and Euro, two-thirds USA.
40% defensive sectors (consumer staples, utilities), 30% cyclic (materials, consumer discretionary), 30% other (energy, industry)
Includes Shell, Unilever, Volkswagen, Macdonalds, Procter and Gamble, Realty Income and other popular shares.

The PP is a bit complicated but this is partly for historical reasons: I had the Euro shares and some bond funds already and did not want to sell everything and start again. Not much dollar exposure in the PP, as there is plenty in the VP.

The VP yields just under 4% and is something of an experiment. When the next crash comes, I would hope that the dividend stream remains relatively unchanged even if the capital value goes down.

If I had my time over again, or if I decide to simplify matters, I would probably go for a PP with 40-40-20% Euro, US and Em Mkts, one long bond fund, one gold ETF such as SGOL, and cash on deposit and in some short bonds.
Well the next crash did come in March 2020, and the dividend stream suffered, and the capital value went down. My share selections were conservative, and spread out across sectors, but over the last few years have not matched the relevant indexes (Eurostoxx for the Euro PP shares or S&P 500 for the US VP shares). Although I trade as little as possible, the stock value fluctuations are distracting, and require internal rebalancing sometimes. It is nice to see dividends coming in, It but they are eclipsed by the individual shares' capital gains and losses (Macdonalds +130%, Tupperware -95% for example).

I can see that regular dividends would suit some investors, and there might be a case for having a portfolio of dividend aristocrats and just taking the income. Also the idea of direct ownership has appeal and might have some diversification benefit. But for me at least, individual shares mean a lot of thought and work for no gain, and I intend to replace the individual shares progressively with index funds for simplicity and occasional rebalancing.
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Re: DIY individual stock fund

Post by mathjak107 » Mon Jun 29, 2020 6:58 am

you still need share appreciation to at least equal the dividend payout or you don't see a positive total return
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